Analysis of Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity

Detecting spatial associations via spatial stratified heterogeneity, accounting for spatial dependencies, interpretability, complex interactions, and robust stratification. In addition, it supports the spatial stratified heterogeneity family described in Lv et al. (2025).

gdverse

Analysis of Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity

Overview

Current models and functions provided by gdverse are:

Installation

• Install from CRAN with:

install.packages("gdverse", dep = TRUE)

• Install development binary version from R-universe with:

install.packages('gdverse',
                 repos = c("https://stscl.r-universe.dev",
                           "https://cloud.r-project.org"),
                 dep = TRUE)

• Install development source version from GitHub with:

# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("stscl/gdverse",
                         build_vignettes = TRUE,
                         dep = TRUE)

✨ Please ensure that Rcpp is properly installed and the appropriate C++ compilation environment is configured in advance if you want to install gdverse from github.

✨ The gdverse package supports the use of robust discretization for the robust geographical detector and robust interaction detector. For details on using them, please refer to https://stscl.github.io/gdverse/articles/rgdrid.html.

Example

library(gdverse)
data("ndvi")
ndvi
## # A tibble: 713 × 7
##    NDVIchange Climatezone Mining Tempchange Precipitation    GDP Popdensity
##         <dbl> <chr>       <fct>       <dbl>         <dbl>  <dbl>      <dbl>
##  1    0.116   Bwk         low         0.256          237.  12.6      1.45  
##  2    0.0178  Bwk         low         0.273          214.   2.69     0.801 
##  3    0.138   Bsk         low         0.302          449.  20.1     11.5   
##  4    0.00439 Bwk         low         0.383          213.   0        0.0462
##  5    0.00316 Bwk         low         0.357          205.   0        0.0748
##  6    0.00838 Bwk         low         0.338          201.   0        0.549 
##  7    0.0335  Bwk         low         0.296          210.  11.9      1.63  
##  8    0.0387  Bwk         low         0.230          236.  30.2      4.99  
##  9    0.0882  Bsk         low         0.214          342. 241       20.0   
## 10    0.0690  Bsk         low         0.245          379.  42.0      7.50  
## # ℹ 703 more rows

OPGD model

discvar = names(ndvi)[-1:-3]
discvar
## [1] "Tempchange"    "Precipitation" "GDP"           "Popdensity"
ndvi_opgd = opgd(NDVIchange ~ ., data = ndvi, 
                 discvar = discvar, cores = 6)
ndvi_opgd
## ***   Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector     
##                 Factor Detector            
## 
## |   variable    | Q-statistic | P-value  |
## |:-------------:|:-----------:|:--------:|
## | Precipitation |  0.8693505  | 2.58e-10 |
## |  Climatezone  |  0.8218335  | 7.34e-10 |
## |  Tempchange   |  0.3330256  | 1.89e-10 |
## |  Popdensity   |  0.1990773  | 6.60e-11 |
## |    Mining     |  0.1411154  | 6.73e-10 |
## |      GDP      |  0.1004568  | 3.07e-10 |

GOZH model

g = gozh(NDVIchange ~ ., data = ndvi)
g
## ***   Geographically Optimal Zones-based Heterogeneity Model       
##                 Factor Detector            
## 
## |   variable    | Q-statistic | P-value  |
## |:-------------:|:-----------:|:--------:|
## | Precipitation | 0.87255056  | 4.52e-10 |
## |  Climatezone  | 0.82129550  | 2.50e-10 |
## |  Tempchange   | 0.33324945  | 1.12e-10 |
## |  Popdensity   | 0.22321863  | 3.00e-10 |
## |    Mining     | 0.13982859  | 6.00e-11 |
## |      GDP      | 0.09170153  | 3.96e-10 |

CITATION

Please cite gdverse as:

Lv, W., Lei, Y., Liu, F., Yan, J., Song, Y. and Zhao, W. (2025), gdverse: An R Package for Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity Family. Transactions in GIS, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70032

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is:

@article{lyu2025gdverse, 
    title={{gdverse}: An {R} Package for Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity Family}, 
    volume={29}, 
    ISSN={1467-9671},
    DOI={10.1111/tgis.70032},
    number={2}, 
    journal={Transactions in GIS}, 
    publisher={Wiley}, 
    author={Lv, Wenbo and Lei, Yangyang and Liu, Fangmei and Yan, Jianwu and Song, Yongze and Zhao, Wufan},
    year={2025}, 
    month={mar}
}