Diversity-Dependent Diversification

Implements maximum likelihood and bootstrap methods based on the diversity-dependent birth-death process to test whether speciation or extinction are diversity-dependent, under various models including various types of key innovations. See Etienne et al. 2012, Proc. Roy. Soc. B 279: 1300-1309, , Etienne & Haegeman 2012, Am. Nat. 180: E75-E89, , Etienne et al. 2016. Meth. Ecol. Evol. 7: 1092-1099, and Laudanno et al. 2021. Syst. Biol. 70: 389–407, . Also contains functions to simulate the diversity-dependent process.


Reference manual

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install.packages("DDD")

5.2.5 by Rampal S. Etienne, 6 months ago


https://rsetienne.github.io/DDD/


Browse source code at https://github.com/cran/DDD


Authors: Rampal S. Etienne [aut, cre] (ORCID: , Bart Haegeman [aut] , Hanno Hildenbrandt [ctb] (ORCID: , Giovanni Laudanno [ctb] (ORCID:


Documentation:   PDF Manual  


GPL-3 license


Imports deSolve, ape, phytools, subplex, DEoptim, pso, Matrix, expm, SparseM, Rcpp

Suggests testthat, testit, igraph

Linking to Rcpp, RcppEigen, BH


Imported by DAISIE, DAMOCLES, PBD, SADISA, nodeSub, secsse, treestats.

Suggested by nLTT.


See at CRAN