Bayesian Emulation of Computer Programs

Allows one to estimate the output of a computer program, as a function of the input parameters, without actually running it. The computer program is assumed to be a Gaussian process, whose parameters are estimated using Bayesian techniques that give a PDF of expected program output. This PDF is conditional on a training set of runs, each consisting of a point in parameter space and the model output at that point. The emphasis is on complex codes that take weeks or months to run, and that have a large number of undetermined input parameters; many climate prediction models fall into this class. The emulator essentially determines Bayesian posterior estimates of the PDF of the output of a model, conditioned on results from previous runs and a user-specified prior linear model. The package includes functionality to evaluate quadratic forms efficiently.

Create, Read, Write, and Work with 'iCalendar' Files, Calendars and Scheduling Data

Provides function to create, read, write, and work with 'iCalendar' files (which typically have '.ics' or '.ical' extensions), and the scheduling data, calendars and timelines of people, organisations and other entities that they represent. 'iCalendar' is an open standard for exchanging calendar and scheduling information between users and computers, described at < https://icalendar.org/>.

Miscellaneous Useful Functions for Statistics

A series of functions in some way considered useful to the author. These include methods for subsetting tables and generating indices for arrays, conditioning and intervening in probability distributions, generating combinations, fast transformations, and more...

Create and Explore Geographic Zoning Systems

Functions, documentation and example data to help divide geographic space into discrete polygons (zones). The functions are motivated by research into the merits of different zoning systems . A flexible 'ClockBoard' zoning system is provided, which breaks-up space by concentric rings and radial lines emanating from a central point. By default, the diameter of the rings grow according the triangular number sequence with the first 4 'doughnuts' (or 'annuli') measuring 1, 3, 6, and 10 km wide. These annuli are subdivided into equal segments (12 by default), creating the visual impression of a dartboard. Zones are labelled according to distance to the centre and angular distance from North, creating a simple geographic zoning and labelling system useful for visualising geographic phenomena with a clearly demarcated central location such as cities.

Flexible Framework for Developing Spatial Interaction Models

Develop spatial interaction models (SIMs). SIMs predict the amount of interaction, for example number of trips per day, between geographic entities representing trip origins and destinations. Contains functions for creating origin-destination datasets from geographic input datasets and calculating movement between origin-destination pairs with constrained, production-constrained, and attraction-constrained models (Wilson 1979) .

Import 'OpenStreetMap' Data as Simple Features or Spatial Objects

Download and import of 'OpenStreetMap' ('OSM') data as 'sf' or 'sp' objects. 'OSM' data are extracted from the 'Overpass' web server (< https://overpass-api.de/>) and processed with very fast 'C++' routines for return to 'R'.

Octonions and Quaternions

Quaternions and Octonions are four- and eight- dimensional extensions of the complex numbers. They are normed division algebras over the real numbers and find applications in spatial rotations (quaternions), and string theory and relativity (octonions). The quaternions are noncommutative and the octonions nonassociative. See the package vignette for more details.

Work with Open Road Traffic Casualty Data from Great Britain

Tools to help download, process and analyse the UK road collision data collected using the 'STATS19' form. The datasets are provided as 'CSV' files with detailed road safety information about the circumstances of car crashes and other incidents on the roads resulting in casualties in Great Britain from 1979 to present. Tables are available on 'colissions' with the circumstances (e.g. speed limit of road), information about 'vehicles' involved (e.g. type of vehicle), and 'casualties' (e.g. age). The statistics relate only to events on public roads that were reported to the police, and subsequently recorded, using the 'STATS19' collision reporting form. See the Department for Transport website < https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/cb7ae6f0-4be6-4935-9277-47e5ce24a11f/road-accidents-safety-data> for more information on these datasets. The package is described in a paper in the Journal of Open Source Software (Lovelace et al. 2019) . See Gilardi et al. (2022) , Vidal-Tortosa et al. (2021) , and Tait et al. (2023) for examples of how the data can be used for methodological and empirical road safety research.

Sparse Arrays and Multivariate Polynomials

Sparse arrays interpreted as multivariate polynomials. Uses 'disordR' discipline (Hankin, 2022, ). To cite the package in publications please use Hankin (2022) .

Cycle Routing and Data for Cycling Advocacy

An interface to the cycle routing/data services provided by 'CycleStreets', a not-for-profit social enterprise and advocacy organisation. The application programming interfaces (APIs) provided by 'CycleStreets' are documented at (< https://www.cyclestreets.net/api/>). The focus of this package is the journey planning API, which aims to emulate the routes taken by a knowledgeable cyclist. An innovative feature of the routing service of its provision of fastest, quietest and balanced profiles. These represent routes taken to minimise time, avoid traffic and compromise between the two, respectively.