Tools to Manipulate and Query Semantic Data

The Resource Description Framework, or 'RDF' is a widely used data representation model that forms the cornerstone of the Semantic Web. 'RDF' represents data as a graph rather than the familiar data table or rectangle of relational databases. The 'rdflib' package provides a friendly and concise user interface for performing common tasks on 'RDF' data, such as reading, writing and converting between the various serializations of 'RDF' data, including 'rdfxml', 'turtle', 'nquads', 'ntriples', and 'json-ld'; creating new 'RDF' graphs, and performing graph queries using 'SPARQL'. This package wraps the low level 'redland' R package which provides direct bindings to the 'redland' C library. Additionally, the package supports the newer and more developer friendly 'JSON-LD' format through the 'jsonld' package. The package interface takes inspiration from the Python 'rdflib' library.

rdflib

A friendly and consise user interface for performing common tasks on rdf data, such as parsing and converting between formats including rdfxml, turtle, nquads, ntriples, and trig, creating rdf graphs, and performing SPARQL queries. This package wraps the redland R package which provides direct bindings to the redland C library. Additionally, the package supports parsing and serialization of rdf into json-ld through the json-ld package, which binds the official json-ld javascript API. The package interface takes inspiration from the Python rdflib library.

Installation

You can install rdflib from GitHub with:

# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("ropensci/rdflib")

Basic use

While not required, rdflib is designed to play nicely with %>% pipes, so we will load the magrittr package as well:

library(magrittr)
library(rdflib)

Parse a file and serialize into a different format:

system.file("extdata/dc.rdf", package="redland") %>%
  rdf_parse() %>%
  rdf_serialize("test.nquads", "nquads")

Perform SPARQL queries:

sparql <-
 'PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
  SELECT ?a ?c
  WHERE { ?a dc:creator ?c . }'

system.file("extdata/dc.rdf", package="redland") %>%
rdf_parse() %>%
rdf_query(sparql)
#> # A tibble: 1 × 2
#>   a                      c           
#>   <chr>                  <chr>       
#> 1 http://www.dajobe.org/ Dave Beckett

Initialize graph a new object or add triples statements to an existing graph:

x <- rdf()
x <- rdf_add(x, 
    subject="http://www.dajobe.org/",
    predicate="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language",
    object="en")
x
#> Total of 1 triples, stored in hashes
#> -------------------------------
#> <http://www.dajobe.org/> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language> "en" .

Change the default display format (nquads) for graph objects:

options(rdf_print_format = "jsonld")
x
#> Total of 1 triples, stored in hashes
#> -------------------------------
#> {
#>   "@id": "http://www.dajobe.org/",
#>   "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language": "en"
#> }

JSON-LD

We can also work with the JSON-LD format through additional functions provided in the R package, jsonld.

out <- tempfile()
rdf_serialize(x, out, "jsonld")
rdf_parse(out, format = "jsonld")
#> Total of 1 triples, stored in hashes
#> -------------------------------
#> {
#>   "@id": "http://www.dajobe.org/",
#>   "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language": "en"
#> }

For more information on the JSON-LD RDF API, see https://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-rdf/.

Advanced Use

See articles from the documentation for advanced use including applications to large triplestores, example SPARQL queries, and information about additional database backends.

Citing rdflib

Please also cite the underlying redland library when citing rdflib

Carl Boettiger. (2018). rdflib: A high level wrapper around the redland package for common rdf applications (Version 0.1.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1098478

Jones M, Slaughter P, Ooms J, Boettiger C, Chamberlain S (2022). redland: RDF Library Bindings in R. doi:10.5063/F1VM496B https://doi.org/10.5063/F1VM496B, R package version 1.0.17-16, https://github.com/ropensci/redland-bindings/tree/master/R/redland.