Finder of Rare Entities (FiRE)

The algorithm assigns rareness/ outlierness score to every sample in voluminous datasets. The algorithm makes multiple estimations of the proximity between a pair of samples, in low-dimensional spaces. To compute proximity, FiRE uses Sketching, a variant of locality sensitive hashing. For more details: Jindal, A., Gupta, P., Jayadeva and Sengupta, D., 2018. Discovery of rare cells from voluminous single cell expression data. Nature Communications, 9(1), p.4719. .

Optimal Pairing and Matching via Linear Assignment

Solves optimal pairing and matching problems using linear assignment algorithms. Provides implementations of the Hungarian method (Kuhn 1955) , Jonker-Volgenant shortest path algorithm (Jonker and Volgenant 1987) , Auction algorithm (Bertsekas 1988) , cost-scaling (Goldberg and Kennedy 1995) , scaling algorithms (Gabow and Tarjan 1989) , push-relabel (Goldberg and Tarjan 1988) , and Sinkhorn entropy-regularized transport (Cuturi 2013) . Designed for matching plots, sites, samples, or any pairwise optimization problem. Supports rectangular matrices, forbidden assignments, data frame inputs, batch solving, k-best solutions, and pixel-level image morphing for visualization. Includes automatic preprocessing with variable health checks, multiple scaling methods (standardized, range, robust), greedy matching algorithms, and comprehensive balance diagnostics for assessing match quality using standardized differences and distribution comparisons.

Detecting Influence Paths with Information Theory

Traces information spread through interactions between features, utilising information theory measures and a higher-order generalisation of the concept of widest paths in graphs. In particular, 'vistla' can be used to better understand the results of high-throughput biomedical experiments, by organising the effects of the investigated intervention in a tree-like hierarchy from direct to indirect ones, following the plausible information relay circuits. Due to its higher-order nature, 'vistla' can handle multi-modality and assign multiple roles to a single feature.

Implement Covariate-Adaptive Randomization

Implementing seven Covariate-Adaptive Randomization to assign patients to two treatments. Three of these procedures can also accommodate quantitative and mixed covariates. Given a set of covariates, the user can generate a single sequence of allocations or replicate the design multiple times by simulating the patients' covariate profiles. At the end, an extensive assessment of the performance of the randomization procedures is provided, calculating several imbalance measures. See Baldi Antognini A, Frieri R, Zagoraiou M and Novelli M (2022) for details.

Assign Treatments, Power Calculations, Balances, Impact Evaluation of Experiments

Assists in the whole process of designing and evaluating Randomized Control Trials. Robust treatment assignment by strata/blocks, that handles misfits; Power calculations of the minimum detectable treatment effect or minimum populations; Balance tables of T-test of covariates; Balance Regression: (treatment ~ all x variables) with F-test of null model; Impact_evaluation: Impact evaluation regressions. This function gives you the option to include control_vars, fixed effect variables, cluster variables (for robust SE), multiple endogenous variables and multiple heterogeneous variables (to test treatment effect heterogeneity) summary_statistics: Function that creates a summary statistics table with statistics rank observations in n groups: Creates a factor variable with n groups. Each group has a min and max label attach to each category. Athey, Susan, and Guido W. Imbens (2017) .

Multiple Precision Arithmetic

Multiple Precision Arithmetic (big integers and rationals, prime number tests, matrix computation), "arithmetic without limitations" using the C library GMP (GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic).

Parentage Assignment using Bi-Allelic Genetic Markers

Can be used for paternity and maternity assignment and outperforms conventional methods where closely related individuals occur in the pool of possible parents. The method compares the genotypes of offspring with any combination of potentials parents and scores the number of mismatches of these individuals at bi-allelic genetic markers (e.g. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). It elaborates on a prior exclusion method based on the Homozygous Opposite Test (HOT; Huisman 2017 ) by introducing the additional exclusion criterion HIPHOP (Homozygous Identical Parents, Heterozygous Offspring are Precluded; Cockburn et al., in revision). Potential parents are excluded if they have more mismatches than can be expected due to genotyping error and mutation, and thereby one can identify the true genetic parents and detect situations where one (or both) of the true parents is not sampled. Package 'hiphop' can deal with (a) the case where there is contextual information about parentage of the mother (i.e. a female has been seen to be involved in reproductive tasks such as nest building), but paternity is unknown (e.g. due to promiscuity), (b) where both parents need to be assigned, because there is no contextual information on which female laid eggs and which male fertilized them (e.g. polygynandrous mating system where multiple females and males deposit young in a common nest, or organisms with external fertilisation that breed in aggregations). For details: Cockburn, A., Penalba, J.V.,Jaccoud, D.,Kilian, A., Brouwer, L., Double, M.C., Margraf, N., Osmond, H.L., van de Pol, M. and Kruuk, L.E.B. (in revision). HIPHOP: improved paternity assignment among close relatives using a simple exclusion method for bi-allelic markers. Molecular Ecology Resources, DOI to be added upon acceptance.

Adaptive Machine Learning-Powered, Context-Matching Tool for Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Annotation

Annotates single-cell and spatial-transcriptomic (ST) data using context-matching marker datasets. It creates a unified marker list (`Markers_list`) from multiple sources: built-in curated databases ('Cellmarker2', 'PanglaoDB', 'ScType', 'scIBD', 'TCellSI', 'PCTIT', 'PCTAM'), Seurat objects with cell labels, or user-provided Excel tables. SlimR first uses adaptive machine learning for parameter optimization, and then offers two automated annotation approaches: 'cluster-based' and 'per-cell'. Cluster-based annotation assigns one label per cluster, expression-based probability calculation, and AUC validation. Per-cell annotation assigns labels to individual cells using three scoring methods with adaptive thresholds and ratio-based confidence filtering, plus optional UMAP spatial smoothing, making it ideal for heterogeneous clusters and rare cell types. The package also supports semi-automated workflows with heatmaps, feature plots, and combined visualizations for manual annotation. For more information, see the package documentation at < https://github.com/zhaoqing-wang/SlimR>.

Multiple Fill and Colour Scales in 'ggplot2'

Use multiple fill and colour scales in 'ggplot2'.

Spatio-Network Generalised Linear Mixed Models for Areal Unit and Network Data

Implements a class of univariate and multivariate spatio-network generalised linear mixed models for areal unit and network data, with inference in a Bayesian setting using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. The response variable can be binomial, Gaussian, or Poisson. Spatial autocorrelation is modelled by a set of random effects that are assigned a conditional autoregressive (CAR) prior distribution following the Leroux model (Leroux et al. (2000) ). Network structures are modelled by a set of random effects that reflect a multiple membership structure (Browne et al. (2001) ).