Provides R-Language Code to Examine Quantitative Risk Management Concepts

Provides functions/methods to accompany the book Quantitative Risk Management: Concepts, Techniques and Tools by Alexander J. McNeil, Ruediger Frey, and Paul Embrechts.

Nonlinear Regression for Agricultural Applications

Additional nonlinear regression functions using self-start (SS) algorithms. One of the functions is the Beta growth function proposed by Yin et al. (2003) . There are several other functions with breakpoints (e.g. linear-plateau, plateau-linear, exponential-plateau, plateau-exponential, quadratic-plateau, plateau-quadratic and bilinear), a non-rectangular hyperbola and a bell-shaped curve. Twenty eight (28) new self-start (SS) functions in total. This package also supports the publication 'Nonlinear regression Models and applications in agricultural research' by Archontoulis and Miguez (2015) , a book chapter with similar material and a publication by Oddi et. al. (2019) in Ecology and Evolution . The function 'nlsLMList' uses 'nlsLM' for fitting, but it is otherwise almost identical to 'nlme::nlsList'.In addition, this release of the package provides functions for conducting simulations for 'nlme' and 'gnls' objects as well as bootstrapping. These functions are intended to work with the modeling framework of the 'nlme' package. It also provides four vignettes with extended examples.

Bayesian Cost Effectiveness Analysis

Produces an economic evaluation of a sample of suitable variables of cost and effectiveness / utility for two or more interventions, e.g. from a Bayesian model in the form of MCMC simulations. This package computes the most cost-effective alternative and produces graphical summaries and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, see Baio et al (2017) .

Tools for Post-Processing Predicted Values

Models can be improved by post-processing class probabilities, by: recalibration, conversion to hard probabilities, assessment of equivocal zones, and other activities. 'probably' contains tools for conducting these operations as well as calibration tools and conformal inference techniques for regression models.

Create Contour Plots from Data or a Function

Provides functions for making contour plots. The contour plot can be created from grid data, a function, or a data set. If non-grid data is given, then a Gaussian process is fit to the data and used to create the contour plot.

Iterative Steps for Postprocessing Model Predictions

Postprocessors refine predictions outputted from machine learning models to improve predictive performance or better satisfy distributional limitations. This package introduces 'tailor' objects, which compose iterative adjustments to model predictions. A number of pre-written adjustments are provided with the package, such as calibration. See Lichtenstein, Fischhoff, and Phillips (1977) . Other methods and utilities to compose new adjustments are also included. Tailors are tightly integrated with the 'tidymodels' framework.

Multivariate Functional Principal Component Analysis for Data Observed on Different Dimensional Domains

Calculate a multivariate functional principal component analysis for data observed on different dimensional domains. The estimation algorithm relies on univariate basis expansions for each element of the multivariate functional data (Happ & Greven, 2018) . Multivariate and univariate functional data objects are represented by S4 classes for this type of data implemented in the package 'funData'. For more details on the general concepts of both packages and a case study, see Happ-Kurz (2020) .

Tools for the Analysis of Air Pollution Data

Tools to analyse, interpret and understand air pollution data. Data are typically regular time series and air quality measurement, meteorological data and dispersion model output can be analysed. The package is described in Carslaw and Ropkins (2012, ) and subsequent papers.

Nonparametric Preprocessing for Parametric Causal Inference

Selects matched samples of the original treated and control groups with similar covariate distributions -- can be used to match exactly on covariates, to match on propensity scores, or perform a variety of other matching procedures. The package also implements a series of recommendations offered in Ho, Imai, King, and Stuart (2007) . (The 'gurobi' package, which is not on CRAN, is optional and comes with an installation of the Gurobi Optimizer, available at < https://www.gurobi.com>.)

Simple Interactive Controls for R using the 'tcltk' Package

A set of functions to build simple GUI controls for R functions. These are built on the 'tcltk' package. Uses could include changing a parameter on a graph by animating it with a slider or a "doublebutton", up to more sophisticated control panels. Some functions for specific graphical tasks, referred to as 'cartoons', are provided.