Simulation and Resampling Methods for Epistemic Fuzzy Data

Random simulations of fuzzy numbers are still a challenging problem. The aim of this package is to provide the respective procedures to simulate fuzzy random variables, especially in the case of the piecewise linear fuzzy numbers (PLFNs, see Coroianua et al. (2013) for the further details). Additionally, the special resampling algorithms known as the epistemic bootstrap are provided (see Grzegorzewski and Romaniuk (2022) , Grzegorzewski and Romaniuk (2022) ) together with the functions to apply statistical tests and estimate various characteristics based on the epistemic bootstrap. The package also includes a real-life data set of epistemic fuzzy triangular numbers. The fuzzy numbers used in this package are consistent with the 'FuzzyNumbers' package.

PLINK 2 Binary (.pgen) Reader

A thin wrapper over PLINK 2's core libraries which provides an R interface for reading .pgen files. A minimal .pvar loader is also included. Chang et al. (2015) \doi{10.1186/s13742-015-0047-8}.

Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis of Cognitive Models of Choice

Fit Bayesian (hierarchical) cognitive models using a linear modeling language interface using particle metropolis Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling with Gibbs steps. The diffusion decision model (DDM), linear ballistic accumulator model (LBA), racing diffusion model (RDM), and the lognormal race model (LNR) are supported. Additionally, users can specify their own likelihood function and/or choose for non-hierarchical estimation, as well as for a diagonal, blocked or full multivariate normal group-level distribution to test individual differences. Prior specification is facilitated through methods that visualize the (implied) prior. A wide range of plotting functions assist in assessing model convergence and posterior inference. Models can be easily evaluated using functions that plot posterior predictions or using relative model comparison metrics such as information criteria or Bayes factors. References: Stevenson et al. (2024) .

Shed Light on Black Box Machine Learning Models

Shed light on black box machine learning models by the help of model performance, variable importance, global surrogate models, ICE profiles, partial dependence (Friedman J. H. (2001) ), accumulated local effects (Apley D. W. (2016) ), further effects plots, interaction strength, and variable contribution breakdown (Gosiewska and Biecek (2019) ). All tools are implemented to work with case weights and allow for stratified analysis. Furthermore, multiple flashlights can be combined and analyzed together.

Efficient Serialization of R Objects

Streamlines and accelerates the process of saving and loading R objects, improving speed and compression compared to other methods. The package provides two compression formats: the 'qs2' format, which uses R serialization via the C API while optimizing compression and disk I/O, and the 'qdata' format, featuring custom serialization for slightly faster performance and better compression. Additionally, the 'qs2' format can be directly converted to the standard 'RDS' format, ensuring long-term compatibility with future versions of R.

Datasets to Help Teach Statistics

In the spirit of Anscombe's quartet, this package includes datasets that demonstrate the importance of visualizing your data, the importance of not relying on statistical summary measures alone, and why additional assumptions about the data generating mechanism are needed when estimating causal effects. The package includes "Anscombe's Quartet" (Anscombe 1973) , D'Agostino McGowan & Barrett (2023) "Causal Quartet" , "Datasaurus Dozen" (Matejka & Fitzmaurice 2017), "Interaction Triptych" (Rohrer & Arslan 2021) , "Rashomon Quartet" (Biecek et al. 2023) , and Gelman "Variation and Heterogeneity Causal Quartets" (Gelman et al. 2023) .

Quick Serialization of R Objects

Provides functions for quickly writing and reading any R object to and from disk.