Multiple Precision Arithmetic

Multiple Precision Arithmetic (big integers and rationals, prime number tests, matrix computation), "arithmetic without limitations" using the C library GMP (GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic).

Parentage Assignment using Bi-Allelic Genetic Markers

Can be used for paternity and maternity assignment and outperforms conventional methods where closely related individuals occur in the pool of possible parents. The method compares the genotypes of offspring with any combination of potentials parents and scores the number of mismatches of these individuals at bi-allelic genetic markers (e.g. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). It elaborates on a prior exclusion method based on the Homozygous Opposite Test (HOT; Huisman 2017 ) by introducing the additional exclusion criterion HIPHOP (Homozygous Identical Parents, Heterozygous Offspring are Precluded; Cockburn et al., in revision). Potential parents are excluded if they have more mismatches than can be expected due to genotyping error and mutation, and thereby one can identify the true genetic parents and detect situations where one (or both) of the true parents is not sampled. Package 'hiphop' can deal with (a) the case where there is contextual information about parentage of the mother (i.e. a female has been seen to be involved in reproductive tasks such as nest building), but paternity is unknown (e.g. due to promiscuity), (b) where both parents need to be assigned, because there is no contextual information on which female laid eggs and which male fertilized them (e.g. polygynandrous mating system where multiple females and males deposit young in a common nest, or organisms with external fertilisation that breed in aggregations). For details: Cockburn, A., Penalba, J.V.,Jaccoud, D.,Kilian, A., Brouwer, L., Double, M.C., Margraf, N., Osmond, H.L., van de Pol, M. and Kruuk, L.E.B. (in revision). HIPHOP: improved paternity assignment among close relatives using a simple exclusion method for bi-allelic markers. Molecular Ecology Resources, DOI to be added upon acceptance.

Adaptive Machine Learning-Powered, Context-Matching Tool for Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Annotation

Annotates single-cell and spatial-transcriptomic (ST) data using context-matching marker datasets. It creates a unified marker list (`Markers_list`) from multiple sources: built-in curated databases ('Cellmarker2', 'PanglaoDB', 'ScType', 'CellTypist', 'scIBD', 'TCellSI', 'PCTIT', 'PCTAM'), Seurat objects with cell labels, or user-provided Excel tables. SlimR first uses adaptive machine learning for parameter optimization, and then offers two automated annotation approaches: 'cluster-based' and 'per-cell'. Cluster-based annotation assigns one label per cluster, expression-based probability calculation, and AUC validation. Per-cell annotation assigns labels to individual cells using three scoring methods with adaptive thresholds and ratio-based confidence filtering, plus optional UMAP spatial smoothing, making it ideal for heterogeneous clusters and rare cell types. The package also supports semi-automated workflows with heatmaps, feature plots, and combined visualizations for manual annotation. For more information, see the package documentation at < https://github.com/zhaoqing-wang/SlimR>.

Spatio-Network Generalised Linear Mixed Models for Areal Unit and Network Data

Implements a class of univariate and multivariate spatio-network generalised linear mixed models for areal unit and network data, with inference in a Bayesian setting using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. The response variable can be binomial, Gaussian, or Poisson. Spatial autocorrelation is modelled by a set of random effects that are assigned a conditional autoregressive (CAR) prior distribution following the Leroux model (Leroux et al. (2000) ). Network structures are modelled by a set of random effects that reflect a multiple membership structure (Browne et al. (2001) ).

Leveraging eQTLs to Identify Individual-Level Tissue of Interest for a Complex Trait

Genetic predisposition for complex traits is often manifested through multiple tissues of interest at different time points in the development. As an example, the genetic predisposition for obesity could be manifested through inherited variants that control metabolism through regulation of genes expressed in the brain and/or through the control of fat storage in the adipose tissue by dysregulation of genes expressed in adipose tissue. We present a method eGST (eQTL-based genetic subtyper) that integrates tissue-specific eQTLs with GWAS data for a complex trait to probabilistically assign a tissue of interest to the phenotype of each individual in the study. eGST estimates the posterior probability that an individual's phenotype can be assigned to a tissue based on individual-level genotype data of tissue-specific eQTLs and marginal phenotype data in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) cohort. Under a Bayesian framework of mixture model, eGST employs a maximum a posteriori (MAP) expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the tissue-specific posterior probability across individuals. Methodology is available from: A Majumdar, C Giambartolomei, N Cai, MK Freund, T Haldar, T Schwarz, J Flint, B Pasaniuc (2019) .

Bayesian Multivariate Analysis of Summary Statistics

Multivariate tool for analyzing genome-wide association study results in the form of univariate summary statistics. The goal of 'bmass' is to comprehensively test all possible multivariate models given the phenotypes and datasets provided. Multivariate models are determined by assigning each phenotype to being either Unassociated (U), Directly associated (D) or Indirectly associated (I) with the genetic variant of interest. Test results for each model are presented in the form of Bayes factors, thereby allowing direct comparisons between models. The underlying framework implemented here is based on the modeling developed in "A Unified Framework for Association Analysis with Multiple Related Phenotypes", M. Stephens (2013) .

Extended Model Formulas

Infrastructure for extended formulas with multiple parts on the right-hand side and/or multiple responses on the left-hand side (see ).

Functions to Simplify the Use of 'glmnet' for Machine Learning

Provides several functions to simplify using the 'glmnet' package: converting data frames into matrices ready for 'glmnet'; b) imputing missing variables multiple times; c) fitting and applying prediction models straightforwardly; d) assigning observations to folds in a balanced way; e) cross-validate the models; f) selecting the most representative model across imputations and folds; and g) getting the relevance of the model regressors; as described in several publications: Solanes et al. (2022) , Palau et al. (2023) , Salazar de Pablo et al. (2025) .

Interface R to MPFR - Multiple Precision Floating-Point Reliable

Arithmetic (via S4 classes and methods) for arbitrary precision floating point numbers, including transcendental ("special") functions. To this end, the package interfaces to the 'LGPL' licensed 'MPFR' (Multiple Precision Floating-Point Reliable) Library which itself is based on the 'GMP' (GNU Multiple Precision) Library.

Programmatic Utilities for Manipulating Formulas, Expressions, Calls, Assignments and Other R Objects

These utilities facilitate the programmatic manipulations of formulas, expressions, calls, assignments and other R language objects. These objects all share the same structure: a left-hand side, operator and right-hand side. This packages provides methods for accessing and modifying this structures as well as extracting and replacing names and symbols from these objects.