Visualizations of Distributions and Uncertainty

Provides primitives for visualizing distributions using 'ggplot2' that are particularly tuned for visualizing uncertainty in either a frequentist or Bayesian mode. Both analytical distributions (such as frequentist confidence distributions or Bayesian priors) and distributions represented as samples (such as bootstrap distributions or Bayesian posterior samples) are easily visualized. Visualization primitives include but are not limited to: points with multiple uncertainty intervals, eye plots (Spiegelhalter D., 1999) < https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/jorssa/v162y1999i1p45-58.html>, density plots, gradient plots, dot plots (Wilkinson L., 1999) , quantile dot plots (Kay M., Kola T., Hullman J., Munson S., 2016) , complementary cumulative distribution function barplots (Fernandes M., Walls L., Munson S., Hullman J., Kay M., 2018) , and fit curves with multiple uncertainty ribbons.

Dunn's Test of Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums

Computes Dunn's test (1964) for stochastic dominance and reports the results among multiple pairwise comparisons after a Kruskal-Wallis test for 0th-order stochastic dominance among k groups (Kruskal and Wallis, 1952). 'dunn.test' makes k(k-1)/2 multiple pairwise comparisons based on Dunn's z-test-statistic approximations to the actual rank statistics. The null hypothesis for each pairwise comparison is that the probability of observing a randomly selected value from the first group that is larger than a randomly selected value from the second group equals one half; this null hypothesis corresponds to that of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Like the rank-sum test, if the data can be assumed to be continuous, and the distributions are assumed identical except for a difference in location, Dunn's test may be understood as a test for median difference and for mean difference. 'dunn.test' accounts for tied ranks.

Various R Programming Tools for Plotting Data

Various R programming tools for plotting data, including: - calculating and plotting locally smoothed summary function as ('bandplot', 'wapply'), - enhanced versions of standard plots ('barplot2', 'boxplot2', 'heatmap.2', 'smartlegend'), - manipulating colors ('col2hex', 'colorpanel', 'redgreen', 'greenred', 'bluered', 'redblue', 'rich.colors'), - calculating and plotting two-dimensional data summaries ('ci2d', 'hist2d'), - enhanced regression diagnostic plots ('lmplot2', 'residplot'), - formula-enabled interface to 'stats::lowess' function ('lowess'), - displaying textual data in plots ('textplot', 'sinkplot'), - plotting dots whose size reflects the relative magnitude of the elements ('balloonplot', 'bubbleplot'), - plotting "Venn" diagrams ('venn'), - displaying Open-Office style plots ('ooplot'), - plotting multiple data on same region, with separate axes ('overplot'), - plotting means and confidence intervals ('plotCI', 'plotmeans'), - spacing points in an x-y plot so they don't overlap ('space').

Estimation/Multiple Imputation for Mixed Categorical and Continuous Data

Estimation/multiple imputation programs for mixed categorical and continuous data.

Calculate Pairwise Multiple Comparisons of Mean Rank Sums Extended

For one-way layout experiments the one-way ANOVA can be performed as an omnibus test. All-pairs multiple comparisons tests (Tukey-Kramer test, Scheffe test, LSD-test) and many-to-one tests (Dunnett test) for normally distributed residuals and equal within variance are available. Furthermore, all-pairs tests (Games-Howell test, Tamhane's T2 test, Dunnett T3 test, Ury-Wiggins-Hochberg test) and many-to-one (Tamhane-Dunnett Test) for normally distributed residuals and heterogeneous variances are provided. Van der Waerden's normal scores test for omnibus, all-pairs and many-to-one tests is provided for non-normally distributed residuals and homogeneous variances. The Kruskal-Wallis, BWS and Anderson-Darling omnibus test and all-pairs tests (Nemenyi test, Dunn test, Conover test, Dwass-Steele-Critchlow- Fligner test) as well as many-to-one (Nemenyi test, Dunn test, U-test) are given for the analysis of variance by ranks. Non-parametric trend tests (Jonckheere test, Cuzick test, Johnson-Mehrotra test, Spearman test) are included. In addition, a Friedman-test for one-way ANOVA with repeated measures on ranks (CRBD) and Skillings-Mack test for unbalanced CRBD is provided with consequent all-pairs tests (Nemenyi test, Siegel test, Miller test, Conover test, Exact test) and many-to-one tests (Nemenyi test, Demsar test, Exact test). A trend can be tested with Pages's test. Durbin's test for a two-way balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) is given in this package as well as Gore's test for CRBD with multiple observations per cell is given. Outlier tests, Mandel's k- and h statistic as well as functions for Type I error and Power analysis as well as generic summary, print and plot methods are provided.

Circular Visualization

Circular layout is an efficient way for the visualization of huge amounts of information. Here this package provides an implementation of circular layout generation in R as well as an enhancement of available software. The flexibility of the package is based on the usage of low-level graphics functions such that self-defined high-level graphics can be easily implemented by users for specific purposes. Together with the seamless connection between the powerful computational and visual environment in R, it gives users more convenience and freedom to design figures for better understanding complex patterns behind multiple dimensional data. The package is described in Gu et al. 2014 .

Methods for Changepoint Detection

Implements various mainstream and specialised changepoint methods for finding single and multiple changepoints within data. Many popular non-parametric and frequentist methods are included. The cpt.mean(), cpt.var(), cpt.meanvar() functions should be your first point of call.

Multilingual Stopword Lists

Provides multiple sources of stopwords, for use in text analysis and natural language processing.

Assigns Colours to Values

Maps one of the viridis colour palettes, or a user-specified palette to values. Viridis colour maps are created by Stéfan van der Walt and Nathaniel Smith, and were set as the default palette for the 'Python' 'Matplotlib' library < https://matplotlib.org/>. Other palettes available in this library have been derived from 'RColorBrewer' < https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RColorBrewer> and 'colorspace' < https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=colorspace> packages.

Multilevel Joint Modelling Multiple Imputation

Similarly to package 'pan', 'jomo' is a package for multilevel joint modelling multiple imputation (Carpenter and Kenward, 2013) . Novel aspects of 'jomo' are the possibility of handling binary and categorical data through latent normal variables, the option to use cluster-specific covariance matrices and to impute compatibly with the substantive model.