Flexible Instrumental Variable Methods for Survival Analysis

Instrumental variable analysis methods for causal inference on survival data based on the Cox model allowing for various treatment and effect types, including orthogonality method-of-moments instrumental variable estimation for the Cox model, two-stage residual inclusion Cox estimation with frailty, sequential trial emulation, sequential Cox analyses, and sequential two-stage residual inclusion Cox analyses. Methodological background includes MacKenzie et al. (2014) , Martinez-Camblor et al. (2019) , Martinez-Camblor et al. (2019) , Gran et al. (2010) , and Keogh et al. (2023) .