Influential Case Detection Methods for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Models

Tools for detecting and summarize influential cases that can affect exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis models as well as structural equation models more generally (Chalmers, 2015, ; Flora, D. B., LaBrish, C. & Chalmers, R. P., 2012, ).

Interactive Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Multi-Group Path Diagrams

Provides an interactive workflow for visualizing structural equation modeling (SEM), multi-group path diagrams, and network diagrams in R. Users can directly manipulate nodes and edges to create publication-quality figures while maintaining statistical model integrity. Supports integration with 'lavaan', 'OpenMx', 'tidySEM', and 'blavaan' etc. Features include parameter-based aesthetic mapping, generative AI assistance, and complete reproducibility by exporting metadata for script-based workflows.

Fused Sparse Structural Equation Models to Jointly Infer Gene Regulatory Network

An optimizer of Fused-Sparse Structural Equation Models, which is the state of the art jointly fused sparse maximum likelihood function for structural equation models proposed by Xin Zhou and Xiaodong Cai (2018 ).

Semi-Confirmatory Structural Equation Modeling via Penalized Likelihood or Least Squares

Fits semi-confirmatory structural equation modeling (SEM) via penalized likelihood (PL) or penalized least squares (PLS). For details, please see Huang (2020) .

Elastic Net Penalized Maximum Likelihood for Structural Equation Models with Network GPT Framework

Provides elastic net penalized maximum likelihood estimator for structural equation models (SEM). The package implements `lasso` and `elastic net` (l1/l2) penalized SEM and estimates the model parameters with an efficient block coordinate ascent algorithm that maximizes the penalized likelihood of the SEM. Hyperparameters are inferred from cross-validation (CV). A Stability Selection (STS) function is also available to provide accurate causal effect selection. The software achieves high accuracy performance through a `Network Generative Pre-trained Transformer` (Network GPT) Framework with two steps: 1) pre-trains the model to generate a complete (fully connected) graph; and 2) uses the complete graph as the initial state to fit the `elastic net` penalized SEM.

Fitting Structural Equation Mixture Models

Estimation of structural equation models with nonlinear effects and underlying nonnormal distributions.

Supplementary Item Response Theory Models

Supplementary functions for item response models aiming to complement existing R packages. The functionality includes among others multidimensional compensatory and noncompensatory IRT models (Reckase, 2009, ), MCMC for hierarchical IRT models and testlet models (Fox, 2010, ), NOHARM (McDonald, 1982, ), Rasch copula model (Braeken, 2011, ; Schroeders, Robitzsch & Schipolowski, 2014, ), faceted and hierarchical rater models (DeCarlo, Kim & Johnson, 2011, ), ordinal IRT model (ISOP; Scheiblechner, 1995, ), DETECT statistic (Stout, Habing, Douglas & Kim, 1996, ), local structural equation modeling (LSEM; Hildebrandt, Luedtke, Robitzsch, Sommer & Wilhelm, 2016, ).

Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Models using Structural Equations

Fits a wide variety of multivariate spatio-temporal models with simultaneous and lagged interactions among variables (including vector autoregressive spatio-temporal ('VAST') dynamics) for areal, continuous, or network spatial domains. It includes time-variable, space-variable, and space-time-variable interactions using dynamic structural equation models ('DSEM') as expressive interface, and the 'mgcv' package to specify splines via the formula interface. See Thorson et al. (2025) for more details.

Latent Variable Models

A general implementation of Structural Equation Models with latent variables (MLE, 2SLS, and composite likelihood estimators) with both continuous, censored, and ordinal outcomes (Holst and Budtz-Joergensen (2013) ). Mixture latent variable models and non-linear latent variable models (Holst and Budtz-Joergensen (2020) ). The package also provides methods for graph exploration (d-separation, back-door criterion), simulation of general non-linear latent variable models, and estimation of influence functions for a broad range of statistical models.

Generate Standardized Data

Creates simulated data from structural equation models with standardized loading. Data generation methods are described in Schneider (2013) .