Multi-stage cluster surveys of households are commonly performed by
governments and programmes to monitor population-level demographic, social,
economic, and health outcomes. Generally, communities are sampled from
subpopulations (strata) in a first stage, and then households are listed and
sampled in a second stage. In this typical two-stage design, sampled
communities are the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and households are the
Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). Census data typically serve as the sample
frame from which PSUs are selected. However, if census data are outdated
inaccurate, or too geographically course, gridded population data (such as
< http://www.worldpop.org.uk>) can be used as a sample frame instead.
GridSample (
Grid-based alternative to doing DHS-style survey sample design. An open source R package developed as a WorldPop project.