Estimate the AUC using a variety of methods as follows: (1) frequentist nonparametric methods based on the Mann-Whitney statistic or kernel methods. (2) frequentist parametric methods using the likelihood ratio test based on higher-order asymptotic results, the signed log-likelihood ratio test, the Wald test, or the approximate ''t'' solution to the Behrens-Fisher problem. (3) Bayesian parametric MCMC methods.