Bayesian Context Trees for Discrete Time Series

An implementation of a collection of tools for exact Bayesian inference with discrete times series. This package contains functions that can be used for prediction, model selection, estimation, segmentation/change-point detection and other statistical tasks. Specifically, the functions provided can be used for the exact computation of the prior predictive likelihood of the data, for the identification of the a posteriori most likely (MAP) variable-memory Markov models, for calculating the exact posterior probabilities and the AIC and BIC scores of these models, for prediction with respect to log-loss and 0-1 loss and segmentation/change-point detection. Example data sets from finance, genetics, animal communication and meteorology are also provided. Detailed descriptions of the underlying theory and algorithms can be found in [Kontoyiannis et al. 'Bayesian Context Trees: Modelling and exact inference for discrete time series.' Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), April 2022. Available at: [stat.ME], July 2020] and [Lungu et al. 'Change-point Detection and Segmentation of Discrete Data using Bayesian Context Trees' [stat.ME], March 2022].


Reference manual

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install.packages("BCT")

1.3 by Valentinian Mihai Lungu, 2 months ago


Browse source code at https://github.com/cran/BCT


Authors: Ioannis Papageorgiou [aut] , Valentinian Mihai Lungu [aut, cre] , Ioannis Kontoyiannis [aut]


Documentation:   PDF Manual  


GPL (>= 2) license


Imports Rcpp, stringr, igraph, grDevices, graphics

Linking to Rcpp


See at CRAN