Outlier Detection and Influence Diagnostics for Meta-Analysis

Computational tools for outlier detection and influence diagnostics in meta-analysis (Noma et al. (2025) ). Bootstrap distributions of influence statistics are computed, and explicit thresholds for identifying outliers are provided. These methods can also be applied to the analysis of influential centers or regions in multicenter or multiregional clinical trials (Aoki, Noma and Gosho (2021) , Nakamura and Noma (2021) ).